РОЛЬ РАЗВИВАЮЩИХСЯ СТРАН В НОВОМ РЕГИОНАЛИЗМЕ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МОДЕЛЕЙ УЧАСТИЯ

Abstract

This article analyzes the participation of developing countries in the processes of new regionalism. The main objective of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of regional integration models formed in various parts of the world: Latin America, Southeast Asia, the African continent, and the Eurasian space. The research examines the historical background of each model, their institutional structure, degree of involvement in global processes, and resilience to external influence. The methodology is based on comparative analysis, supplemented by elements of the systemic and structural-functional approaches, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of political and economic dimensions of integration.

The study identifies significant differences between the models. For instance, integration blocs in Latin America, such as MERCOSUR, emphasize political coordination and reducing dependence on external power centers. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is characterized by a flexible structure and minimal institutionalization while maintaining economic cooperation. African initiatives, such as Southern African Development Community (SADC), demonstrate a strong role of non-state actors and informal networks in contexts of weak state institutions. Eurasian projects, including the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), are marked by a pronounced geopolitical orientation and institutional asymmetry among members.

The article argues that new regionalism in developing countries is not only an instrument of economic integration but also a means of strengthening political sovereignty, maintaining internal stability, and fostering regional solidarity. The findings are summarized in an analytical table that outlines the key features and parameters of each model. The results of the comparative analysis allow us to identify the key factors determining the sustainability and effectiveness of the new regionalism in developing countries: the availability of institutional flexibility, adaptation to local realities, the political will to integrate, the participation of non-state actors and the ability to develop common goals.