PEOPLE'S DIPLOMACY IN ETHNOPOLITICS, IN THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAKHSTAN AND USA

Abstract

People's diplomacy is an integral part of ethnopolitics, as it promotes the development of intercultural communication, increases the importance of international relations, contributes to the most favorable outcome of existing conflicts and can prevent possible difficulties in communication between different ethnic groups. In the context of globalization, people’s diplomacy is increasingly used as an essential tool of international connections and the development of ethnopolitics. It is crucial for strengthening interethnic trust, improving public opinion about the government and promoting principles aimed at maintaining both internal stability and international cooperation. This article compares the characteristics, role and influence of people’s diplomacy on the development of national identity and interethnic harmony in the ethnopolitics of Kazakhstan and the United States of America. According to this comparative study, there are parallels and differences between people’s diplomacy in the ethnopolitics of Kazakhstan and the USA. While Kazakhstan focuses on internal security and harmonization of interethnic relations, the United States of America seeks to spread democratic ideas around the world through media projects and educational exchanges. However, people’s diplomacy strategically shapes ethnopolitics, strengthens social integration and promotes international cooperation in both countries. In multi-ethnic cultures, where maintaining interethnic harmony is of strategic importance, studying people’s diplomacy is especially relevant. Comparing these models, it is possible to find both structural differences and points of intersection, which is important for a better understanding of the function of people’s diplomacy in contemporary ethnopolitics.